Explain how composites are defined around a shared mandate, objective or strategy, and why this matters
The idea
A composite gathers all portfolios managed to a similar mandate, objective or strategy, so its record represents what a prospective client for that strategy would have received. The definition drives inclusion: every actual, fee-paying, discretionary segregated account managed that way must belong, as must any pooled fund that meets the definition, and this prevents a firm from showing only its best accounts. Firms often define composites by asset class, style or benchmark, risk and return target, the instruments allowed such as leverage or derivatives, and material constraints such as tax status or ethical screens. Definitions are documented and applied consistently. Too broad a composite blends different strategies and misleads; too narrow a definition multiplies composites with few portfolios. Size alone is not a valid basis unless it changes how portfolios are managed.
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- Discuss what the GIPS standards aim to achieve, whom they cover, and how they help investment managers as well as prospective clients and investors
- Explain the basic requirements for claiming GIPS compliance, including how the firm is defined and how it defines discretion
- Discuss the GIPS rules for calculating returns, covering how fees and expenses, cash and cash equivalents, and external cash flows are treated
- Explain the valuation hierarchy that the GIPS standards recommend
- Explain the GIPS rules for calculating composite returns, including the permitted ways of asset-weighting the returns of member portfolios
- Explain what makes a portfolio discretionary for composite construction and, from a set of facts, judge whether a given portfolio is likely to qualify
- Explain the GIPS composite construction rules, covering when portfolios may move between composites, when new portfolios must be added and when terminated ones must be removed
- Explain what the GIPS standards require in presenting and reporting performance
- Explain when a new or acquiring firm may link to, or show as its own history, the performance record of a prior firm or affiliation
- Discuss why firms seek GIPS verification, what it covers and how it is carried out